Research Methodology

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Author: N. G. Kale

(1) Introduction to Research:

Meaning, Objectives and Importance of Research.
Types of Research.
Research Process.
Characteristics of Good Research.
Hypothesis – Meaning, Nature, Significance, Types and Sources.
Research Design – Meaning, Definition, Need and Importance, Steps, Scope and Essentials of a Good Research Design.
Sampling –

(a) Meaning of Sample and Sampling.

(b) Methods of Sampling:

(i) Non-Probability Sampling – Convenient, Judgment, Quota, Snow ball

(ii) Probability – Simple Random, Stratified, Cluster, Multi Stage.

(2) Data Collection and Processing:

Types of Data and Sources-Primary and Secondary Data Sources
Methods of Collection of Primary data
Observation: (i) structured and unstructured, (ii) disguised and undisguised, (iii) mechanical observations (use of gadgets)
Experimental: (i) Field (ii) Laboratory
Interview: (i) Personal Interview (ii) focused group, (iii) in-depth interviews Method
Survey: Telephonic survey, Mail, E-mail, Internet survey, Social media, and Media listening.
Survey instrument: (i) Questionnaire designing.
Types of questions: (i) structured / close ended and
(ii) unstructured/open ended, (iii) Dichotomous,
(iv) Multiple Choice Questions.
Scaling techniques: (i) Likert scale, (ii) Semantic Differential scale.

(3) Data Analysis and Interpretation:

Processing of Data: Meaning and Essentials of (i) Editing (ii) Coding (iii) Tabulation
Analysis of Data: Meaning, Purpose, Types.
Interpretation of Data: Essentials, Importance, Significance and Descriptive Analysis
Testing of hypothesis: One Sample T-Test, ANOVA, F-test, Chi Square and Paired Sample Test

(4) Advanced Statistical Techniques:

Introduction, Characteristics and Application of