(2)       Types of Research:

(a)        Pure, Basic and Fundamental,

(b)       Applied,

(c)        Empirical,

(d)       Scientific and Social,

(e)       Historical,

(f)         Exploratory,

(g)        Descriptive,

(h)       Causal.

(3)       Concepts in Research: Variables, Qualitative and Quantitative Research.

(4)       Stages in Research Process.

(5)       Characteristics of Good Research.

(6)       Hypothesis: Meaning, Nature, Significance, Types of Hypothesis, Sources.

(7)       Research Design: Meaning, Definition, Need and Importance, Steps in Research Design, Essentials of a Good Research Design, Areas/Scope of Research Design and Types – Descriptive, Exploratory and Causal.

(8)       Sampling:

(a)        Meaning of Sample and Sampling,

(b)       Methods of Sampling:

(i)         Non Probability Sampling – Convenient, Judgment, Quota, Snowball.

(ii)        Probability – Simple Random, Stratified, Cluster, Multi Stage.

(2)       Methods of Collection of Primary Data:

(a)        Observation:

(i)         Structured and Unstructured,

(ii)        Disguised and Undisguised,

(iii)      Mechanical Observations (Use of Gadgets).

(i)         Field,

(ii)        Laboratory.

(c)        Interview:

(i)         Personal Interview,

(ii)        Focused Group,

(iii)      In-depth Interviews – Method,

(d)       Survey: Telephonic Survey, Mail, E-mail, Internet Survey, Social Media, and Media Listening.

(e)       Survey Instrument:

(i)         Questionnaire Designing.

(ii)        Types of Questions:

¨          Structured/Close Ended,

¨          Unstructured/Open Ended,

¨          Dichotomous,

¨          Multiple Choice Questions.

(f)         Scaling Techniques:

(i)         Likert Scale,

(ii)        Semantic Differential Scale.